1/15/2024 0 Comments Types of shapes in statistics![]() ![]() Īfter we have displayed the data visually, we then want to follow up by describing it with numerical measures. The bar graph shown in the figure below has age groups represented on the x-axis and proportions on the y-axis. The bars can be rectangles or they can be rectangular boxes (used in three-dimensional plots), and they can be vertical or horizontal. The length of the bar for each category is proportional to the number or percent of individuals in each category. Figure 2.7: Classification of Statistics Students Bar Graphsīar graphs consist of bars that are separated from each other. The data she collects are summarized in the pie chart below. Suppose a statistics professor collects information about the classification of her students as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. In a pie chart, categories of data are represented by wedges in a circle and are proportional in size to the percent of individuals in each category. Two graphs that are used to display categorical data are pie charts and bar graphs. ![]() There are no strict rules concerning which graphs to use. ![]() But graphs can be even more helpful in understanding the data. Tables are a good way of organizing and displaying data. Figure 2.6: Full and Part Time Students De Anza College Notice how much larger the percentage for part-time students at Foothill College is compared to De Anza College. Displaying percentages along with the numbers is often helpful, but it is particularly important when comparing sets of data that do not have the same totals, such as the total enrollments for both colleges in this example. The percent columns make comparing the same categories in the colleges easier. The tables display counts (frequencies) and percentages or proportions (relative frequencies). Graphical Methods for Categorical Dataīelow are tables comparing the number of part-time and full-time students at De Anza College and Foothill College enrolled for the spring 2010 quarter. We usually start with visual methods and then move into numerical. Recall descriptive statistics consists of visual and numerical methods. 2.2 Displaying and Describing Categorical Data Descriptive Statistics for Categorical DataĬategorical data is typically more straightforward to work with. ![]()
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